This research attemps to analyze the impact of transportation on the economic and spatial transformation of Uganda since World War II, using a systems-analysis approach. Its main objective is to identify what have been the major impacts of transport development on Uganda’s development, with particular emphasis on rural development and agricultural production, settlements patterns, and the location of economic activities. A secondary objective is to identify what are the potential alternate outlets for Uganda’s external trade and how these can be developed and utilized for the benefit of the country. Uganda’s actual experience since World War II is compared with simulated experience from the transportation and economic models used. Differences between the simulated results and the actual performance serve as indicators of the degree tho which transport improvements in the country have served to achieve the broad national policy objectives for development. Ref., tab., Fig.