Because the South African economy is relatively small, as well as being open and vulnerable to the West, it would suffer considerable hardship if certain forms of well-enforced negative economic sanctions, such as restrictions on exports to and imports from South Africa and withdrawals of physical capital, were imposed on it by its major trade and investment partners. If such measures were combined with other forms of statecraft deployed against the apartheid rgime, and/or if they were coupled with additional internal pressures, it is conceivable that the following could be achieved: 1) compliance by Pretoria to dismantle apartheid, and/or 2) subversion to replace an intransigent rgime. However, neither strong, well-enforced sanctions as a single reaction, nor weak economic measures coupled with other relatively small international pressures, are likely to bring about fundamental change in South Africa. Notes, ref.
