Design and Implementation of an Electronic Voting System – PDF

Design and Implementation of an Electronic Voting System

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges as limitations to the current electoral system in Nigeria’s democracy, proffering possible ways forward. The flawed electoral process of the last two Presidential elections equally calls for technology-enabled solutions to this social malaise which could lead to chaos and anarchy if nothing is done to forestall this electoral menace in future elections. Electoral fraud is perpetrated in the cause of political activities including pre-election and post-elections periods such as multiple registrations, invalid voter registers, multiple voting, poor organization of the electoral process, violence, ballot stuffing, and snatching, logistic and administrative constraints. This paper takes critical steps to address these numerous elections vices in Nigeria’s electoral system, to provide a viable option that would ensure credible, fair, and genuinely acceptable elections in the country, in the foreseeable future. IT-driven voting, otherwise known as e-voting has been developed for implementation in this paper.

Keywords: Elections, Electoral Process, Commission, Database, Election Violence, and Voters.

This paper discusses the design and implementation of an electronic voting system database application with WAMP SERVER. It also discusses the issues of selecting an appropriate database model, interface design, system deployment, and maintenance. A projection of record growth in student population and system requirements was carried out in the study. Finally, it discusses the applicability of the system in academic institutions. The Programming language used in developing this application is Visual Basic.net 2012. It runs from Windows 98 to the latest Windows 8.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Electronic voting technology can include punched cards, optical scan voting systems, and specialized voting kiosks (including self-contained direct-recording electronic voting systems, or DRE). It can also involve the transmission of ballots and votes via telephones, private computer networks, or the Internet.

Electronic voting technology can speed the counting of ballots, reduce the cost of paying staff to count votes manually, and can provide improved accessibility for disabled voters. However, there has been contention, especially in the United States, that electronic voting, especially DRE voting, could facilitate electoral fraud and may not be fully auditable. In addition, electronic voting has been criticized as unnecessary and expensive to introduce. Several countries have canceled e-voting systems or decided against a large-scale rollout, notably the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Nigeria is a country with device ethnic groups and corrugated different political motives ranging from the individual perspective to the political parties. What is wrong with Nigeria’s electioneering process is the wheel to be in power at all cost not minding the interest of the masses, every political party that is in power want to retain power for their selfish interest while doing this, they map out strategies that will enable them to rig the election either by crook or hook, this things are not mostly peculiar with the Nigeria system alone but is common because most of the leaders even come out openly to declare their stands to fight with their last breath to win the election. During the campaign of the last election, the immediate past President Chief Olusegun Obasanjo once stated that “ Peoples Democratic Party (P.D.P.). Will surely produce the next President no matter the hurdles†with this, one will quickly deduce the fact that the election was a charade because INEC has been tailored along the line of P.D.P. candidate even if the party brings a weakling as their presidential candidate, in this regard the job of INEC is to deliver the favored candidate of the ruling party P.D.P. as the President of the country.

It is also on record that most states won by P.D.P. are manned by P.D.P. governors and all the other parties lost their bids in such states, while in some states where we have another party, such party also won in their states, take for instance in Lagos State Alhaji Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu delivered its state to Action Congress (AC) while in Abia State Uzor Kalu delivered its state to Progressive Peoples Alliance (P.P.A.) in Imo state, P.D.P. did not win the state not because they don’t have the machinery, they intentionally lost the state because they are not in favor of the so-called P.D.P candidate hence they drafted another member of the party (P.D.P.) to Action Congress (AC) in other to win the election, this said candidate will soon decamp to its original party Peoples Democratic Party (P.D.P.)

Political malpractice has taken a new dimension in the history of Nigeria, most of our religious leaders are now praise singers of politicians, they have ignored their vows and responsibilities to the people by preaching the gospel which proffers rather a rain encomium on politicians (s) who come to their congregation for thanksgiving to God. Religions leaders should play their role of lordship over these politicians, they should be chastised any dubious person that warrants such in other to clean the society from bad eggs, the charity they say begins at home it is the responsibility of our religious leaders to call their congregation to other and imbibe in them good norms and morals.

INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is an institution empowered by the 1999 constitution to conduct elections in Nigeria, as an umpire the institution is supposed to be truly independent in other to conduct a free and fair election, the commission over the years as shown to the public that is not capable of conducting a free and fair election, this is manifested in the series of the election held in the fourth republic, INEC as always jilted the electorate by playing the script of its employer. The commission cannot hold a credible election in the present circumstance if the mode of appointments and their funding are not changed, the National Assembly should legislate through a bill empowering the judiciary to appoint members to the board of INEC, this should be people with the credible and unquestionable character without affiliation to any political party. Most of the problems we have with INEC is that these people are members of the ruling party and their mandate is for them to protect the interest of their political party according to their party constitution and on the other hand, to build the confidence of loyalty to those who appointed them as members of the commission, nothing good can come out of a corrupt mind and as it were a spade is always a spade. For us to correct our electoral system INEC must be restructured, all its activities reconstituted, the President should not have any power over the Chairman of the commission rather the Chairman should be accountable to the National Assembly while the mode of funding should also be direct to the Commission instead of waiting for the executive arm of government to execute projects if these measures are put in place Nigeria electioneering process would be sanities to a large extent.

INEC should make it a civic duty to announce the actual result, in the past election there is a lot of interference in the process of announcing the election result hence there is a lot of cases laying down in the election tribunal, the masses are watching how the cases in the various states will be conducted.

BRIBERY AND THUGGERY

Bribery is another cancan worm that has eaten deep into the electoral system, a lot of people are involved in collecting gratification from the politicians thereby selling their conscience and their votes, it is because the economic situation is not stable, there is a lot of people dying of hunger and starvation in our communities, this is common in the past election most people even go to the extent of tumb printing on ballot papers throughout the night when official voting as not started, this is a cardinal point of rigging an election using the INEC officials to supply voting materials to top politicians in a particular area, hence a resident electoral commissioner of INEC would visit a big name (Politician) in its territory of jurisdiction as a mark of loyalty to pave way for smooth flow of their corrupt tendency perpetuated at the pulls.

Thuggery is rampant in the aspect of our youths, today most politicians have tugs whom they use to disrupt elections and steal ballot boxes from polling stations, this is jobless youths who are trying to earn a living from dubious antecedents, these are the same youths who they use in carrying out their nefarious activities ranging from political rallies, political assassination etcetera. The masses are appealing to such youth to desist from their evil way and turn a new leaf otherwise nemesis will cash up with them, most of the time these same politicians use and dump such youth, it is high time for us to protect our votes and work ceaselessly to protect our nascent democracy.

STEPPING DOWN OF ELECTED OFFICIALS

In this regard all elected officers ranging from the Presidency, the Governors to the Local Government Chairmen should step down before the general election is conducted, this is because such officials influence the election in their respective domains, they have the power to hijack the electioneering materials thereby dictating the area where ballot boxes would be sent to and not to be sent, in the past election most pulling boot did not receive election material because of fear of losing the area, while the passive area of their victory will be well furnished with electoral materials. This is done right from the inception of taking statistics of eligible voters in the area to the time of registration through the period of the election proper, Based on these points raised, I suggest that all elected officials should step aside for three months or at most two months to the period of the general election. This will also go a long way in solving the problem of intimidating any resident electoral commissioner from doing a thorough job thereby conducting a free and fair election.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The project aims and objectives that will be achieved after the completion of this project are discussed in this subchapter. The aims and objectives are to resolve the voting issue.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study was to help and give benefit the student, business marketers, school management, company, and other places that need this system. The system would improve the monitoring capacities of those who maintain the system.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1. Unavailability of academic materials.

2. Transport problem

3. Lack of financial support

4. Lack of Time

Unavailability of programming software such as Visual Basic.Net.

1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research work will concentrate on the implementation of the system to see how it works and how it can be used.

1.8 ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

During the process of data collection, information relating to the Electronic voting System was obtained from the internet and other Library materials. Hence, it is assumed that all the data collected are correct and contain no false information.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Electoral Voting System: An electoral system may be defined as a process or method through which the people of a given country elect their representatives into different political offices or positions in government.

INEC: Independent National Electoral Commission conducted the 1999 Fourth Republic elections.

Management: It is the coordination of all the resources of an organization through the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling

System: Physical component of a computer that is used to perform a certain task.

Data: Numbers, Text, or image which is in the form suitable for Storage in or processing by a computer, or incomplete information.

Information: A meaning full material derived from computer data by organizing it and interpreting it in a specified way.

Input: Data entered into a computer for storage or processing.

Output: Information produced from a computer after processing.

Information System: A set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision-making and control in an organization.

COMPUTER: A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes data, and gives out information as output to the user.

SOFTWARE: Software is a set of related programs that are designed by the manufacturer to control the hardware and to enable the computer to perform a given task.

HARDWARE: Hardware is a physical part of a computer that can be touched, seen, feel, and is been control by the software to perform a given task.

DATABASE: A database is the collection of related data in an organized form.

PROGRAMMING: Programmingisa set of coded instructions that the computers understand and obey.

TECHNOLOGY: Technology is the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technology and its interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such as industrial art, engineering, applied science, and pure science.

Algorithm: A set of logic rules determined during the design phase of a data matching application. The blueprint is used to turn logic rules into computer instructions that detail what step to perform in what order.

Application: The final combination of software and hardware which performs the data matching.