CONSTRUCTION OF AN OPEN STEAM DISTILLATION

CONSTRUCTION OF AN OPEN STEAM DISTILLATION

CHAPTER ONE

ABSTRACT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Distillation is a separating technique in which two liquids are separated at essentially the same temperature and pressure. It is also the term used to describe the operation where the vaporization of a liquid mixture yields a vapor phase containing more than one constituents and it is desired to recover one or more of this constituents in a nearly pure state. The search for a lather that would turn in only one direction probably ended in the fifteenth century, when the lathers powered by cranked flywheels and giant wheels powered by hand foot horse, and even water were invented, Leonardo a Vinci was one of the many inventors who designed the early continuous drive lather. However, today, wood lathe machined are powered by an electric motor which provide the continuous motion needed.

Although, wood lathe machines are made from metal steel, iron etc.

It would probably be beneficial to define the terms that describe the process and related properties. Let us begin by describing the process by which Traditionally, it was thought that the ancient a substance transformed from the condensed phase to the gas phase. For liquid, this process is called VAPORIZATION and for a solid it is called SUBMIATIN, both processes requires heat. All substances regardless whether they are liquids or solids are characterized by a vapor pressure. The vapor pressure of a pure substance is the pressure exerted by the substance against the external pressure which is usually atmospheric pressure. Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency to escape. When the vapor pressure of a liquid substance reaches the external pressure the substance is observed to Boil. If the external pressure is atmospheric pressure, the temperature at which a pure substance boils is called the
NORMAL BOILING POINT.