The Incidence of Candidiasis Among Single and Married Women of Different Age Group

The Incidence of Candidiasis Among Single and Married Women of Different Age Group

ABSTRACT

In this work the incidence of candidacies was studied using selected patients of the University of Nigeria teaching hospital Enugu analyzed for the presence of candidacies yeast infection. The specimens were cultured on seaboards agar and blood agar and subculture isolated were C Albicans  C Tropical C Knusei C Pseudoizo P cals C paraknusei and C stellatoides.  The prevalence of candidacies among patients of UNTH was monitored in terms of the level of occurrence and microbial types. Also, the prevalence of candidiasis infection was 40% of samples under study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1:1  introduction

1.2 Aim and objectives

1.3 Statement of the problem

1.4 Significant of the study

1.5 Scope of the study

1.6 Limitation

1.7 Hypothesis

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Methodology

3.2 Sterilization of methodology

3.3 Population sample

3.4 Preparations of culture media

3.5 Collection of samples

3.6 Identification of isolates

3.7 Antibiotle sensitivity disc testing

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1  Results

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Recommendation

5.2  Conclusion

5.3 Reference

5.4 Appendix

LIST OF TABLETable I

Age distribution and incident of candidacies. Infection among single and married women of different age group patients unit

Table II

Diameter of zone of lone of inhibition of the organisms with  each antibiotic after 24 hours incubation

Table III

Antimicrobial senses pattern of organisms isolated

Table IV

The protein of 80 urine samples was detected with aibustixstrips.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Candida: This is a yeast-like fungus several of which cause disease in men about 90% of infections are to Candida Albicans, which is normally present in the mouth, intestine, and vaginal it is responsible  for the infection in the sites defense mechanisms (carousal 1990)

Candida abbacies usually appear as oval yeast-like cells that reproduce by budding however in infected areas. Filamentous hyphae plus pseudohyphae (which consist of elongated yeast cells that remain attached may also be seen the yeast is easily grown at 250c 40 37 0c on sabouraudis glucose agar and if grown on cor a meal agar at 250c the organism can produce many characteristic thick-walled chlamydospore Van Leeuwenhoek (2000) candida Albicans is measured about 2.5 to 4.0 wm in diameter which can give rise to pseudomycellun, in the body it has no sexual form the body it has no sexual form in poor medic at a temperature of 2b0c it produces thick wall and resting cells is about 7 to 17 m in test positive in maminaliam serum it can split urea. it is pathogenic to rabbits. Guinea Pigs and with where it causes abscesses in the kidney when given intron Veroush (Eleke, 2002).

Oral candidacies oral candidacies also called oral thrush) occurs and most frequently  in the newborn and is probably acquired during passage through an infected  vagina the yeast appears as a creamy grade membrane covering the tongue and appears able to produce  disease only  because  of the absence of their resident normal flora (Prescott et al; 1994) if thrush has not occurred by the 3rd day of life it will likely appear but it should occur which will usually  disappear without treatment as other members of the normal flora are acquired

Oral thrush in order children or Adults may occur as a result of endocrine disturbance or ceutaninosis (Particularity a deficiency of rib flauin as a complication of diabetes, as a  result of poor oral hyepene or following the administration of corticosteroids or antibiotics oral thrush also occur in bottle feed infants which the magnification of my white patches cowering redraw areas of mucous manbrance vanities, vagines cendiass is seen most frequents in women with diabetes, milieus deny pregnamai or following prolonged antibiotic therapy. The prominent symptom is a yellow, milk, veginals discharge yeast cells and pseudo my cell can be found on the mucous membrane and such infections may result in an intense inflammation of the entire inguinal area according to Atlas 199: 13) the state vaginal thrush in pregnant women are susceptible here with the production of which discharge with a pH below 5.2. Alimentary candidacies. Alimentary candidacies may follow essentially any of the predisposing conditions listed for adult oral thrush; however, the majority of cases occur as a result of prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy which destroys a large part of the normal flora of the intestine. The organisms may also cause intense inflammation of the perineal region the region around the arms and may spread to the and thing  coetaneous are systemic candidacies infection of the skin by Candida usually occurs in those with metabolic disorders in those whose obesity result in continuously most tools of skin or in persons in whom part of the body are kept moist under surgical dressings According to Prescott et al (1999, 18)  systemic candidacies is exlvecnely but in debilitated person or those receiving Immunosuppressive drugs candida Albicans can cause urinary tract infection endocarditis and meningitis chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is also a rare syndrome in which the skin mucous membranes  hair and nails become infected, such infections appears to occur in persons with T. cell defects manifested by their inability to respond to Candida certigens, in addition to vaging yeast infections the acid environment of the veginal and the proliferation of normal vaginal bacterial limited its  growth when the environment of the vegina changes, situations that change the environment  of the birth control pills. Which often change the vaginal pH or taking bread spectrum cutibioties such as tertiary cline which kills the normal vaginal bacteria in addition, patients with Aids of uncontrolled ed diabetes often develop yeast infections.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

To determine the prevalence of fungal infection among the patients of UNTH Enugu

To determine the prevalence of fungal infection among single and married women of different age groups patient

To determine the yeast type involved.

To determine the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of isolates involves.

1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY

This research work is limited to only patients of single and married women of different a group in hematology laboratories in university teaching hospital Enugu. The work was carried out with the use of the necessary material such as early morning urine, HVS swab samples which were collected  from those women vaginal

1.4 STATEMENT OF  PROBLEMS

Candidiasis has caused a lot of problems in our societies this day because of has the nature of the disease look like such as the discomfort it causes to people like itching which causes a lot of embracement to people publicly

Secondary the to candidiasis cause frequented urinating people that are suffering from the disease will not find it easy to stay in a public for a long time without being very disgrace by this infection another problem with this infection is when it stays long in the body it will make the person that is suffering from it to be smelling due to severe discharge.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study of this research topic will provide a more constructor framework to the formation or creating a way of Eradicating the infection ( candidiasis it also helps to educate people on the cause and consequence of the infection candidacy. It will also help the communities to know the risk of starting thing that makes people contract the disease, it will also help to provide precaution measure that will help in preventing the infection.

finally, this research work will help to reduce the high rate of disease occurrence and gives an insight into our communities

1.8 HYPOTHESIS

H0. The infection (candidiasis) is more prevalent in single women than married women.

H1. The infection (candidiasis) is more prevalent in married women than in single women.

H2. Pregnancy is one of the factors that can change the pH or take broad-spectrum antibiotics.