(a) Explain briefly two types of soil water.
(b) State four management practices carried out during the brooding of chicks.
(c) Complete the table below on diseases of farm animals.
| Disease |
Causal organism |
Vaccine/drug administered |
|
Marek’s disease |
(i) |
(ii) |
|
(iii) |
(iv) |
NDV La Sota |
|
Coccidiosis |
(v) |
(vi) |
|
Anthrax |
(vii) |
(viii) |
Explanation
(a) Explanation of types of soil water Gravitational water
This is soil water held in macropores especially when the soil is saturated and drains out of the soil by gravity. The water is unavailable for plant use.
Capillary water
This is water that is held by forces of surface tension in continuous films around soil particles in the capillary/micropores. It is available for plant use.Hygroscopic water
This is soil water that is held tightly to the surface of soil particles by adsorption forces. It is very difficult to extract this water and is unavailable for plant use.
(b) Management practices carried out during the brooding of chicks
- Sexing of chicks into male and female – Feeding
- Sorting out abnormal chicks – Provision of water
- Drying of chicks immediately after hatching – Sanitation
- Intra-ocular NDV vaccination/vaccination – Drug administration
- Provision of well-ventilated housing – Record keeping
- Provision of warmth – Deworming
(c ) Completion of the table on diseases of farm animals
| Name of disease |
Causal organism |
Vaccine/drug administered |
|
Marek’s disease |
(i) Virus |
(ii) Marek disease vaccine/ |
|
(iii) Newcastle disease |
(iv) Virus |
NDV Lasota |
|
Coccidiosis |
(v) Protozoa/Eimera spp |
(vi) Coccidiostat/ sulphur drugs |
|
Anthrax |
(vii) Bacterium/Bacillus anthracis |
(viii) Anthrax spore vaccine |